{"id":480,"date":"2024-01-31T11:31:50","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T09:31:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portfooandreei.wordpress.com\/?p=480"},"modified":"2024-01-31T11:31:50","modified_gmt":"2024-01-31T09:31:50","slug":"andmebaasisusteemide-alused","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\/WP\/rus\/2024\/01\/31\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\/","title":{"rendered":"Andmebaasis\u00fcsteemide alused"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/portfooandreei.files.wordpress.com\/2024\/01\/image.png?w=854\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-481\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SQL statements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>DDL \u2013 Data Definition Language (CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DML -Data Manipulation Language (INSERT INTO, DELETE FROM, UPDATE)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Piirangud \u2014 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Primary key \u2014 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Foreign key \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NOT NULL \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UNIQUE \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CHECK \u2014 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:21px\"><strong>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SQL \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e. \u0422\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<br>SQL \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435) \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435) \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CHAR(n) \u0438\u043b\u0438 CHARACTER(n) \u2013 \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043b\u043d\u044b (\u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 1, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u2013 255 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CHARACTER VARYING(n) \u0438\u043b\u0438 CHAR VARYING(n) \u2013 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b, max \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 &#8212; n \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0421 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c SQL \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2-, 4- \u0438 8-\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SMALLINT, INT2 (-32768\u202632767) \u0432 MS SQL \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 tinyint (0 \u0434\u043e 255)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>INTEGER, INT, INT4 (\u043e\u0442 -2 147 483 648 \u0434\u043e 2 147 483 647)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BIGINT, INT8 (\u043e\u0442 -9 223 372 036 854 775 807 \u0434\u043e 9 223 372 036 854 775 807)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4- \u0438 8-\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>REAL, FLOAT4 (\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DOUBLE PRECISION, FLOAT8, FLOAT (15 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NUMERIC(p,s), <strong>DECIMAL (p,s)<\/strong> &#8212; \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0440 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440 (\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e) \u0438 s \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0442\u0438\u043f MONEY \u2013 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430; \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e 4 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 8 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BOOLEAN, BOOL &#8212; \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 (TRUE \u0438\u043b\u0438 FALSE).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BIT &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0431\u0438\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 0, 1 \u0438\u043b\u0438 NULL. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f TRUE \u0438 FALSE \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 bit: TRUE \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 1, \u0430 FALSE \u2013 \u0432 0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DATE \u2013 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TIME &#8212; \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>INTERVAL &#8212; \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DATETIME &#8212; \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (\u0433\u043e\u0434 + \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446 + \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c + \u0447\u0430\u0441\u044b + \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b + \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b + \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 MS Access SQL<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TEXT(n) \u2013 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b, max \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 &#8212; n \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MEMO \u2013 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 255 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BYTE, INTEGER, LONG \u2013 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>COUNTER \u2013 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a, \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SINGLE DOUBLE CURRENCY \u2013 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DATETIME &#8212; \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>YESNO \u2013 \u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LONGBINARY \u2013 OleObject, \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:61px\"><strong>SQL laused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>DDL &#8212; DATA DEFINITION (CREATE TABLE ,ALTER TABLE)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>DML &#8212; DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE(INSERT INTO, DELETE FROM,UPDATE, ETC)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Table creation (DDL)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\">CREATE TABLE toode(\n    toodeID int primary key AUTO_INCREMENT,\n    toodeNimetus varchar(50),\n    toodeHind decimal(5, 2),\n    v_kuupaev date,\n    kas_olemas bit\n);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Adding data to the table (DML)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\">INSERT INTO toode(toodeNimetus, toodeHind, kas_olemas, v_kuupaev)\nVALUES ('piim Alma', 1.50, 1, '2024-01-31');\nSELECT * FROM toode;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\">INSERT INTO toode(toodeNimetus, toodeHind, kas_olemas, v_kuupaev)\nVALUES ('piim Alma', 1.50, 1, '2024-01-31');\nSELECT * FROM toode;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\">CREATE TABLE `ANDREIBAS`.`tellimus` (`tellimusID` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `tellimuseKuupaev` DATE NOT NULL , `toodeID` INT NOT NULL , `klient` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`tellimusID`)) ENGINE = InnoDB; <\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\">CREATE table Product(\n    idProduct int primary key AUTO_INCREMENT,\n    ProductName varchar(50),\n    idCategory int,\n    Price decimal(6, 2),\n    FOREIGN key(idCategory) REFERENCES category(idCategory)\n);\n \ncreate table customer(\n    idCustomer int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,\n    nameCustomer varchar(100) UNIQUE,\n    contactCustomer varchar(50)\n);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\">insert into product(ProductName, idCategory, Price)\nVALUES ('boots', 3, 100.99)\n \ninsert into Sale(idProduct, Count_, DateOfSale)\nvalues(1,200,'2024-01-31'),(3,200,'2024-01-31'),(4,100,'2024-01-31'),(3,250,'2024-01-31'),(3,57,'2024-01-31');\n \ninsert into customer(nameCustomer, contactCustomer)\nvalues('Marko', 55614815');<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\">ALTER TABLE sale ADD units char(5);\n \nalter table sale add FOREIGN KEY(idCustomer) REFERENCES customer(idCustomer)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\">\t\nupdate sale set idCustomer=1;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>SELECT QUERY <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code\">\t--\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0443 \u201c\u041a\u201d (5 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439);\nSELECT * FROM country WHERE NAME LIKE 'K%'; \n\n\n--\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 19-\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435 (27 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439)\nSELECT Name, IndepYear from country WHERE IndepYear BETWEEN 1800 AND 1899; \n\n--\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 (Middle East) (18 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439)\nSELECT Name,Region FROM country WHERE region like 'Middle East%'; \n\n\n--\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 19 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435 (7 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439)\nSELECT Name, IndepYear, Continent from country Where(IndepYear BETWEEN 1800 and 1899) and Continent like'Europe%'; \n\n\n--\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u201c\u0440\u0430\u201d  (9 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439)\nSELECT Name from country where Name like '%pa%'; \n\n\n--\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0443  (A, E, I, O, U, Y) (42 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438);\n--RLIKE '^[A, E, I, O, U, Y]' - \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041d\u0410\u0414\u041b\u0415\u0416\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u042c \u041a \u041c\u041d\u041e\u0416\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0423.\nSELECT Name from country WHERE Name like'A%' OR NAME lIKE 'E%' OR NAME lIKE 'I%' OR NAME lIKE 'O%'OR NAME lIKE 'U%'OR NAME lIKE 'Y%'; \nSELECT Name \nfrom country \nWHERE Name RLIKE '^[A, E, I, O, U, Y]';\n\n\n--\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0443. (20 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439)\nSELECT Name FROM country WHERE LEFT(Name,1) like RIGHT(Name,1); \n\n\n--\u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u044f (43 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438)\nSELECT name FROM country where GovernmentForm like '%Monarchy%'; \n\n\n--\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 1 \u043c\u043b\u043d. (85 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439)\nSELECT Name from country WHERE Population &lt; 1000000; \n\n\n--\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (China)\nSELECT Name, IndepYear from country ORDER BY IndepYear LIMIT 1; \n\n\n\n--\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d (47 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439)\nSELECT Name FROM country WHERE IndepYear = 0; \n\n--\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (Holy See (Vatican City State))\nSELECT Name,SurfaceArea FROM country ORDER BY SurfaceArea LIMIT 1; \n\n--\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\nSELECT Name,Population FROM country ORDER BY Population DESC LIMIT 10; \n\n--\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b\nSELECT Name,Population FROM country WHERE Continent LIKE '%Europe%' ORDER BY Population DESC LIMIT 10; \n\n--C\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c \u0435\u0451 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 (730 074 600, 23 049 133.9)\nSELECT SUM(Population) AS 'Kokku elanike_arv', SUM(SurfaceArea) AS 'Kokku pindala' FROM country WHERE Continent LIKE '%Europe%'; \n\n\n--\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 (234 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438)\nSELECT COUNT(Name) FROM country WHERE Continent NOT like '%Antarctica%'; \n\n\n--\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 II (Elisabeth II), \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d.  (35 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d, 122 872 550 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a)\nSELECT SUM(Population), COUNT(*) FROM country WHERE HeadOfState like 'Elisabeth II'; \n\n--\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0438 (Polynesia) (10 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d, 235 000 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, 50 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a)\nSELECT COUNT(*) as RiikideArv, MIN(Population) as MIN, MAX(Population) as MAX FROM country WHERE Region LIKE 'Polynesia'; \n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>SQL CRIB SHEET<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/portfooandreei.files.wordpress.com\/2024\/03\/image.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-512\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/portfooandreei.files.wordpress.com\/2024\/01\/image-1.png?w=680\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-489\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/portfooandreei.files.wordpress.com\/2024\/01\/image-2.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-490\" style=\"width:969px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/portfooandreei.files.wordpress.com\/2024\/01\/image-3.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-492\" style=\"width:969px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/portfooandreei.files.wordpress.com\/2024\/01\/image-4.png?w=815\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-494\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SQL statements DDL \u2013 Data Definition Language (CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE) DML -Data Manipulation Language (INSERT INTO, DELETE FROM, UPDATE) &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; Piirangud \u2014 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Primary key \u2014 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e Foreign key \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b NOT NULL \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 UNIQUE \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 CHECK \u2014 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\/WP\/rus\/2024\/01\/31\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\/\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#171;Andmebaasis\u00fcsteemide alused&#187;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Andmebaasis\u00fcsteemide alused - \/ \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\/WP\/rus\/2024\/01\/31\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Andmebaasis\u00fcsteemide alused - \/ \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SQL statements DDL \u2013 Data Definition Language (CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE) DML -Data Manipulation Language (INSERT INTO, DELETE FROM, UPDATE) &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; Piirangud \u2014 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Primary key \u2014 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e Foreign key \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b NOT NULL \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 UNIQUE \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 CHECK \u2014 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &quot;Andmebaasis\u00fcsteemide alused&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\/WP\/rus\/2024\/01\/31\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\/ \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-31T09:31:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/portfooandreei.files.wordpress.com\/2024\/01\/image.png?w=854\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\\\/WP\\\/rus\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/31\\\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\\\/WP\\\/rus\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/31\\\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\\\/WP\\\/rus\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/450d3fec34682741b4b65a21dcace8c3\"},\"headline\":\"Andmebaasis\u00fcsteemide alused\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-31T09:31:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\\\/WP\\\/rus\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/31\\\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":435,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\\\/WP\\\/rus\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\\\/WP\\\/rus\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/31\\\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/portfooandreei.files.wordpress.com\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/image.png?w=854\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\\\/WP\\\/rus\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/31\\\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\\\/WP\\\/rus\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/31\\\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/andreitupits23.thkit.ee\\\/WP\\\/rus\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/31\\\/andmebaasisusteemide-alused\\\/\",\"name\":\"Andmebaasis\u00fcsteemide alused - 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